Discovering the Birds of Iceland: A Comprehensive Guide to Birdwatching Adventures

Iceland, often referred to as the “Land of Fire and Ice,” is not only celebrated for its breathtaking landscapes, geothermal wonders, and vibrant culture, but it also serves as an exceptional sanctuary for birdwatching enthusiasts. With over 300 species of birds, including seabirds and migratory visitors, birdwatching in Iceland offers a unique and rewarding experience. Whether you plan to explore the famous Golden Circle, venture along the picturesque South Coast, or take part in private tours, this guide will help you uncover the best birdwatching hotspots, tips for first-time birdwatchers, and the best sustainable tourism practices with companies like EV Travel.

Why Birdwatching in Iceland?

Birdwatching in Iceland is more than just spotting different species; it’s about immersing yourself in the country’s spectacular natural beauty. The diverse landscapes, from rugged cliffs to serene lakes, provide habitats for various bird species, making Iceland a hotspot for avian biodiversity. The combination of geological features and climatic variations creates rich environments where birds thrive. When you embark on private tours, you not only receive more personalized attention but also help support local economies and engage in sustainable tourism practices.

Top Birdwatching Locations Near Reykjavik

1. Elliðaárdalur Valley

Just a short drive from Reykjavik, Elliðaárdalur Valley is a hidden gem for birdwatching. The lush landscapes are home to various bird species, including ducks, herons, and songbirds. As you hike along the trails, enjoy the serene river views and keep an eye out for nesting birds in the trees.

2. Reykjavik’s Harbor

The Old Harbor in Reykjavik is an ideal location for seeing puffins during the summer months, especially when they come to land on nearby cliffs. Join a guided boat tour to get an up-close view of these charming seabirds. The harbor is also a great place to spot various gulls and sea ducks.

3. Þingvellir National Park

Located along the Golden Circle, Þingvellir is not only famous for its historical significance but also its astounding birdwatching opportunities. The park features several lakes and streams where you can spot diving ducks, and its rugged cliffs are nesting grounds for several bird species. The park’s unique geological formations add to the stunning backdrop of your birdwatching adventure.

4. Skaftafell National Park

Part of Vatnajökull National Park on the South Coast, Skaftafell is rich in habitats ranging from lush vegetation to glacial landscapes. Birdwatchers can look for white-tailed eagles soaring overhead and various migratory species along the trails. The stunning views of glaciers provide a dramatic setting for any birdwatching expedition.

5. Lake Mývatn

Often regarded as the best birdwatching spot in Iceland, Lake Mývatn is renowned for its diverse bird population, including swans, geese, and various species of ducks. The lush surroundings create an ideal breeding ground, making it possible to observe birds in their natural habitat. Visitors can also explore the area’s geothermal features and stunning landscapes.

Best Time of Year for Birdwatching

The prime time for birdwatching in Iceland is during the summer months from mid-May to mid-August. During this period, migratory birds return to Iceland for breeding, transforming the landscapes with their vibrant activity and colorful plumage. June and July are particularly excellent months for observing puffins, as they gather on cliffs while raising their young. For those interested in winter birdwatching, some species, such as whooper swans and various ducks, can be spotted year-round.

What is the National Bird of Iceland?

The national bird of Iceland is the grýla (or “golden plover”), known scientifically as Pluvialis apricaria. The golden plover is a migratory bird that is easily recognizable by its striking black and gold plumage during the breeding season. These birds are typically found in grassy fields and coastal areas, where they forage for insects and small invertebrates.

The choice of the golden plover as Iceland’s national bird reflects its cultural significance and prevalence throughout the country. As a symbol of Icelandic nature, the golden plover is celebrated for its resilience and adaptability to the harsh Icelandic climate. The arrival of golden plovers in the spring heralds the onset of warmer weather, making them a cherished sight for both locals and visitors alike.

During migration, these birds travel across vast distances, primarily from their wintering grounds in Africa to their breeding grounds in the Arctic. Their unique call and vibrant coloration make them a delightful species to observe during your birdwatching adventures in Iceland.

Things You Need for Birdwatching

Preparing for birdwatching involves more than just excitement and anticipation. Here are essential items you should pack:

• Binoculars: Invest in a good pair of binoculars to clearly observe birds from a distance. A magnification of 8x or 10x is often recommended.
• Bird Guidebook: Familiarize yourself with local bird species by carrying a guidebook tailored to Icelandic birds. Apps like Merlin Bird ID can also be incredibly helpful.
• Comfortable Footwear: Given Iceland’s varied terrain, wear sturdy, comfortable shoes suitable for hiking and walking on uneven paths.
• Camera with Zoom Lens: Capture the beauty of Iceland’s birds with a camera. A zoom lens provides the ability to take stunning close-ups without disturbing the wildlife.
• Field Notebook: Recording your observations can enhance your birdwatching experience. Create a list of birds you spot and note their behaviors.
• Weather-Appropriate Clothing: Iceland’s weather can be unpredictable. Layered clothing, waterproof jackets, and a hat are essential to staying comfortable while birdwatching.

Should I feed birds or ducks in Reykjavik?

While it may be tempting to feed birds or ducks, it is generally not recommended to do so in Reykjavik or anywhere else in Iceland. Feeding wildlife can disrupt their natural feeding habits and lead to dependency on human-provided food, which is often unhealthy for birds. Additionally, feeding can attract unwanted pests and lead to overpopulation in certain areas, affecting the ecosystem negatively. If you want to enjoy watching birds, it’s best to observe them in their natural behavior without interference. Instead, consider supporting local conservation efforts that aim to protect bird habitats and promote healthy wildlife practices.

Common Birds to See in Iceland

Iceland’s unique geography and climate make it a prime habitat for a variety of bird species. From coastal cliffs to tranquil lakes, the opportunities for birdwatching abound. Here’s a closer look at some of the most common birds you’re likely to encounter during your visit:

1. Puffin (Fratercula arctica)

The puffin is perhaps Iceland’s most famous bird, known for its strikingly colorful beak and charming personality. Puffins are seabirds that nest along coastal cliffs and are best viewed during the summer months, particularly June and July. These birds are excellent divers, often fishing for small fish like herring and sand eels. Puffins can be found in significant numbers on islands such as Vestmannaeyjar (the Westman Islands) and along the cliffs near Reykjavik.

2. Guillemot (Uria aalge)

Common guillemots, or common murres, are sleek seabirds that can often be spotted on cliff sides, as they prefer to nest in densely populated colonies. With their distinctive black and white plumage, they are spectacular to see in flight. Guillemots are often seen diving for fish just off the coast, where they use their wings to propel themselves underwater.

3. Whooper Swan (Cygnus cygnus)

The whooper swan is a majestic sight as it glides gracefully across Icelandic lakes and wetlands. These large white birds are known for their long necks and striking yellow and black beaks. Whooper swans can be seen year-round, but they are most commonly spotted from late autumn to early spring, especially at places like Lake Mývatn and Þingvellir National Park.

4. Reykjavik’s Common Eider (Somateria mollissima)

The common eider is one of the most iconic ducks found in Iceland. Males display striking white bodies with black capes, while females are mottled brown for camouflage. They can be seen along the coast, often diving for mollusks and sea urchins. Eiders are also known for their soft down feathers, which are highly valued and often collected sustainably for insulation products.

5. Arctic Tern (Sterna paradisaea)

The Arctic tern is a small, graceful seabird renowned for having the longest migration of any bird species, traveling between the Arctic and Antarctic each year. In Iceland, you can find them nesting along coastal areas, often scavenging for food near the shoreline. Their distinctive black cap and elegant flight make them a delight to observe.

6. Redwings (Turdus iliacus)

A member of the thrush family, the redwing is a migratory bird that can be seen in Iceland during the warmer months. Known for their beautiful song, these birds are easily recognizable by their reddish-orange flanks. They prefer wooded areas and gardens, making them commonly seen around Reykjavik and in more rural areas.

7. Snow Bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis)

Snow buntings are hardy birds that can be spotted in Iceland during the winter months. Their white plumage makes them look stunning against the snowy landscape. These small, ground-dwelling birds are often seen in flocks and can be found in wide-open areas, including coastal regions and fields.

8. Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis)

Fulmars are seabirds related to albatrosses, known for their tube-shaped nostrils. This bird is commonly found along Iceland’s cliffs, where it can be observed gliding effortlessly over the ocean. The Northern fulmar has a distinctive light gray plumage and is often seen in large numbers near colonies, especially during the breeding season.

9. Great Skua (Stercorarius skua)

The great skua, or “bonxie,” is a large, aggressive seabird often seen patrolling coastal areas. Known for its scavenging behavior, it’s often observed stealing food from other birds, including puffins and gulls. Great skuas nest on the ground in colonies, and while they may appear fierce, they are fascinating to watch.

What are the best tours in Iceland for birdwatching?

Look for private tours offered by sustainable tourism companies like EV Travel, which focus specifically on birdwatching. These tours often lead to well-known birding hotspots with knowledgeable guides.

Can I See Puffins in Reykjavik?

Yes, you can see puffins in Reykjavik, particularly during the summer months! The best time to spot these charming seabirds is from late April to August, with June and July being peak viewing months when they are most active as they return to Iceland to breed.

While puffins can be found nesting in various locations around the coast, the Harpa Concert Hall and the nearby islands are popular spots for observing them. The small island of Akurey and Lundey (Puffin Island), both accessible via short boat tours from Reykjavik’s Old Harbor, are particularly renowned for puffin watching. These islands host large puffin colonies and provide excellent opportunities for close-up views of these delightful birds.

Joining a guided boat tour is highly recommended, as it allows you to venture out to the islands where puffins nest and ensures that you have knowledgeable guides who can share insights about these fascinating creatures. During these tours, you’ll not only have the chance to observe puffins but also enjoy the stunning coastal scenery and possibly spot other seabirds and marine life.

Can I see puffins year-round in Iceland?

Puffins usually arrive in Iceland from late April and leave by August. The best time to see them is during the height of summer, especially in June and July.

Is birdwatching suitable for first-timers?

Absolutely! Birdwatching in Iceland is beginner-friendly. Joining a guided tour can enhance your experience as guides provide valuable insights and assistance.

Are there any sustainable practices to consider while birdwatching?

Yes! Choose eco-friendly tours, maintain a respectful distance from birds, and avoid disturbing their habitats. Supporting sustainable tourism companies helps protect Iceland’s natural resources.